Catalysis In Organic Chemistry

PREFACE BY his remarkable investigations on catalysis, Professor Sabatier has opened up new fields rich in scientific interest and fruitful in technical results. Catalytic hydrogenation will ever be an important chapter in chemistry. He is a teacher as well as an investigator and has done an important service in collecting from scattered sources a vast amount of information about catalysis and bringing the facts together in convenient and suggestive form in his book. I deem it a privilege to render his masterly work more accessible to English- speaking chemists. The text and the unsigned footnotes represent Professor Sabatier r s work as closely as I can make them. I have retained the charac- teristic italics. I have added a few notes which are signed by those responsible for them. In this connection I wish to thank my friends, among them Dr. Gibbs, Dr. Ittner, Dr. Adkins, and Dr. Richardson, for assistance, Professor Gomberg for verifying a number of Russian references, and Professor H. H. Lloyd for aid in proofreading. To the chapter on the theory of catalysis, I have added an illuminating extension by Professor Bancroft, Chairman of the Committee on Catalysis of the National Research Council. In order to make the vast amount of detailed information in the book more readily available, I have prepared a subject index of some seven thousand entries and an author index of about eleven hundred names. It is a pleasure to present a brief sketch of his life and abounding activities. I have taken great pains to check the hundreds of references, but doubtless errors will be found. Corrections of any kind will be appreciated if sent me. JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY, BALTIMORE, MD. August, 1921.500Ml E. EMMET REID. TABLE OF CONTENTS References are to Paragraphs CHAPTER I CATALYSIS IN GENERAL DEFINITION OP CATALYSIS 1 HISTORICAL 4 DIVERSITY IN CATALYSIS 5 Homogeneous systems 6 Heterogeneous systems 7 AUTOCATALYSIS 8 NEGATIVE CATALYSIS 9 Stabilizers 13 Reversal of Catalytic Reactions 14 Reversible reactions, Limits 19 Velocity oj Catalytic Reactions 23 Influence of Temperature 24 Influence of Pressure 30 Influence of Mass of Catalyst 32 CHAPTER II ON CATALYSTS Solvents 36 DIVERSE MATERIALS CAN CAUSE CATALYSIS 41 Elements as Catalysts 42 Non-metals 43 Metals . ...