Echo Made Easy W/cd

The book begins with the basic principles of Ultrasound and Doppler and the clinical applications of various echo modalities including 2-D Echo, M-Mode Scan, and a host of others. This book is particularly meant for students of cardiology as well as keen established clinicians.

1. What is an ECHO? ........................... 1
Principle of Ultrasound ........................ 2
Principle of Doppler ............................ 6
2. The Modalities of Echo .................... 14
Conventional Echo ............................. 15
Doppler Echo ................................... 17
Clinical Applications .......................... 22
3. The Echo Windows .......................... 24
Transthoracic Echo ............................ 25
Transoesophageal Echo ........................ 34
Future Directions in Echo ..................... 36
4. Normal Views and Values ................... 38
Sequence of Scanning .......................... 39
What is Normal? ................................ 40
Normal Variants ................................ 41
Normal Values ................................... 43
Normal Valves ................................... 50
5. Ventricular Dysfunction .................... 54
LV Systolic Dysfunction ....................... 55
LV Diastolic Dysfunction ....................... 67
RV Dysfunction ........................ ......... 72
6. Cardiomyopathies ............................ 77
Dilated Cardiomyopathy ......................... 78
Restrictive Cardiomyopathy ..................... 84
Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy ................... 87
7. Coronary Artery Disease .................... 93
Indications for Echo in CAD ................... 94
Myocardial Ischemia ............................ 95
Myocardial Infarction .......................... 96
Left Ventricular Dysfunction ................... 99
Right Ventricular Dysfunction ................. 102
Acute Mitral Regurgitation ..................... 104
Acute Ventricular Septal Defect ............... 105
Left Ventricular Aneurysm ...................... 106
Ventricular Mural Thrombus .................... 107
Acute Pericardial Effusion ..................... 109
Coronary Artery Anomalies..................... 109
Simulating Conditions ......................... 110
Stress Echocardiography ....................... 110