Elements Of Soil Conservation 2nd Edn

Soil conservation is one of the important agricultural sciences. There is great need for more real soil conservation teaching As soil conservation interest and action have developed progressively from year to year, demands for pertinent information in the form of suitable teaching material have mounted correspondingly. The author has compiled a great store of factual information about land resources, the problem of erosion, and the methods of soil and water conservation. This volume undertakes to brief for the student the more important aspects of the serious problem of soil and water wastage and of the more outstanding methods of soil and water conservation. Contents Chapter 1: The Erosion Problem in the United States; The Virgin Land of America-Rapid Settlement of the Country-Waste of Natural Resources-The Process of Soil Erosion-Soil, an Irreplaceable Resource-Losses of Plant Food-Losses of Soil-Sub-soil Farming-Other Damage by Erosion-Cost of Erosion-Need for Erosion Control-Methods of Erosion Control and Water Conservation-Responsibility for Soil Defense; Chapter 2: Extent of Erosion; Public Recognition and Significant Developments-Soil Erosion Service Established-First Comprehensive Soil Conservation Act-Wide Extent and Seriousness of Erosion-Areas Affected-Seriousness from Place to Place-Some Examples of Erosion-depleted Land; Chapter 3: Effects of Erosion; Erosion and Farming Operations-Subsoil Exposed-Effect of Soil Loss on Yield-Erosion Deposits on Agricultural Land-Erosion Deposits in Reservoirs, Waterways, and Harbors-Effect of Erosion on Floods-Erosion and Water Supplies-Effect of Erosion on the Western Range-Erosion Damage to Highways and Railways-Wind Erosion-Economic and Social Consequences of Erosion-Effect on Tenancy-Effect on Texes, Purchasing Power, Community Life, Education, Health, and Rural Youth; Chapter 4: How Erosion Takes Place; Erosion by Water-Assorting Effect of Water Erosion-Erosion by Wind-Dust Storms; Chapter 5: Rates of Erosion and Runoff; Diversity of Physical Factors Affecting Erosion and Runoff-Normal and Accelerated Rates of Erosion-Comparison of Erosion and Runoff under Contrasting Conditions of Bare and Vegetated Areas- Effect of Declivity on Erosion and Runoff under Clean Tillage-Effect of Slope Length on Erosion and Runoff-Effect of Rainfall Intensity on Erosion-Effect of Season on Soil and Water Losses-Effect of Crop Rotation on Erosion and Runoff-Effect of Cropping Practices on Erosion and Runoff-Effect of Organic Matter on Erosion and Runoff-Comparison of Grass and Forest Effect on Erosion and Runoff-Comparative Rates of Erosion and Runoff from Topsoil and Water Conservation-Other Factors Influencing Rates of Erosion and Runoff; Chapter 6: Climate and Soil Erosion; Climatic Elements Influencing Erosion-Relation of Climate to Soil Formation and Leaching-Relation of Precipitation to Soil Erosion-Relation of Wind to Soil Erosion-Relation of Temperature to Soil Erosion-Soil Climate Can Be Changed; Chapter 7: Rainfall Penetration; What Becomes of Rainfall-Water Intake-Effect of Tillage on Intake of Rainfall-Effect of Organic Mater on Intake of Rainfall-Effect of Muddy Water on Intake of Rainfall-Methods for Increasing Intake of Rainfall-Need for Increased Soil Storage of Rainfall; Chapter 8: A National Program of Soil Conservation; Soil Conservation Defined-Work of the Soil Conservation Servation Service-Soil and Water Conservation Demonstrations-Soil Conservation Districts-Work of Other U S Department of Agriculture Agencies-Work of U S Department of Interior Agencies Other Agencies-The Future; Chapter 9: Planning for Conservation of Soil and Water; Basic Principles of Conservation Farming-Coordinated Plan of Erosion Control-Tools for Conservation-Making the Farm Plan-Land Capability-Group Meetings-Broad Problem Areas; Chapter 10: Use of Vegetation in Soil and Water Conservation; Crop Rotation-Strip Cropping-Protective Cover Cropping-Groups of Plants Useful for Soil Conservation, Pastures, Etc.-Legumes for Meadows or Protective Cover-Some Overlooked Vegetation Useful for Erosion Control-Grass Agriculture; Chapter 11: Contouring; The Purpose of Contouring-Field Contouring-Garden Contouring-Pasture Contouring-Range Contouring-Contouring for Flood Control; Chapter 12: Terracing; Features of Modern Field Terraces-Types of Terraces-Basic Principles in Terracing-Planning Terracing Work-Level Terraces-Planning Terracing Work-Level Terraces-Cultivation of the Terrace; Chapter 13: Channels and Outlets; Natural Outlets-Mechanical Outlets-Meadow Strips-Seeding and Sodding Outlets-Protecting Outlets; Chapter 14: Gully Control; Types of Gullies-Methods of Gully Control-Diversion of Runoff-Conveying Runoff through Gullies-Artificial Revegetation-Stabilization with Structures; Chapter 15: Control of Erosion on Stream Banks; Economic Aspects of Stream-bank Erosion-Causes and Types of Damage-Technical Feasibility of Stream-bank Control-Stream-bank Protection-Need for Technical Assistance; Chapter 16: Water Spreading; Adaptability of Land to Water Spreading-Principles of Water Spreading-Water-spreading Structures-Methods of Spreading Water; Chapter 17: Wildlife and Soil Conservation; Cover and Feed for Wildlife-Relation of Wildlife Management to Soil Conservation-Wildlife Practices in Soil Conservation-Modification of Practices to Meet Needs of Wildlife; Chapter 18: Farm Ponds for Water Storage; Specifications-Factors Determining Location-Materials and Installation; Chapter 19: Stubble-mulch Farming; Defects in “Clean” Plowing-Stubble-mulch or surface-mulch System of Tillage-Use of Crop Residues for Surface Mulch-Stubble Mulch and Wind Erosion-Summer Fallow and Accelerated Wind Erosion-Implements for Stubble-much Farming; Chapter 20: Farm Drainage; How Drainage Affects Farm Enterprises-Field Ditches for Surface Drainage-Ditching with Machinery-Ditching with Explosives-Underdrainage-Planning a Tile Drainage System-Installing a Tile Drainage System-Draining Seepy Hillsides-Maintenance of Farm Drains; Chapter 21: Farm Irrigation; Location and Extent of Irrigation Farming-The Irrigated Farm-Source of Irrigation Water, Supply, and Public Control-Efficient Use of Irrigation Water-Land Leveling-Overhead Irrigation; Chapter 22: The Place of Trees and Shrubs in Soil and Water Conservation; Effect of Forest on Soil Erosion-Forestry in Soil and Water Conservation-Windbreaks and Shelter Belts-Tree Planting-Management of Farm Woodland-Farmer Interest in Tree Planting - Place of Tree in Soil Conservation; Chapter 23: Upstream Flood Control; What to Do-Coordination of Flood-control Efforts-Soil Conservation an Inseparable Part of Flood Prevention-Need for Technical Skill and Detailed Treatment-Taking the Teeth Out of Floods-Basic Principles of Effective Treatment