Finland - The New Nation

FINLANJJ THE NEW NATION BY AGNES ROTHERY NEW YORK THE VIKING PRESS 1937 EXCEPT WHERE OTHERWISE CREDITED, THE PHOTOGRAPHS IN THIS BOOK ARE BY HARRY ROGERS PRATT FIRST PUBLISHED APRIL 1936 SECOND PRINTING JUNE 1936 THIRD PRINTING DECEMBER 1937 COPYRIGHT 1936 BY AGNES ROTHERY PRATT PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA DISTRIBUTED IN CANADA BY THE MACALLAN COMPANY OF CANADA, LTD. TO NABOTH HEDIN CONTENTS PART I SUNRISE AND THE NEW NATION 1 . PROSPECT 3 2. APPROACH THROUGH THE ARCHIPELAGO 5 3. ENTRANCE TO THE NEW FINLAND ID PART II FLESH AND BLOOD OF THE NEW NATION 1 . THE SWEDES IN THE SOUTH 2 1 2-THE RUSSIANS IN THE EAST 36 3. THE FINNS IN THE LAKE REGION 50 4. THE LAPPS IN THE NORTH 66 5. DISCOVERERS OF THE ARCTIC 78 PART III BREATH OF THE NEW NATION 1. NATIONALISM AND THE MAGIC WORD 89 2. NATIONALISM IN FOREST AND FARM 1OO g. NATIONALISM IN MEN AND MARKETS 113 4. NATIONALISM AND DEBTS, DEMOCRACY, AND DE FENCE 1 5 5. NATIONALISM AND THE ATHLETIC IDEAL 1 33 6. NATIONALISM AND FEMINISM 144 7. NATIONALISM AND THE WORLD 153 vii viii Contents PART IV SOUL OF THE NEW NATION 1. MORE STATELY MANSIONS 167 2. SIBELIUS AND THE MUSIC OF FINLAND 178 3. WRITERS, READERS, AND ACTORS l88 4. ARS LONGA 2O1 PART V SUNSET AND THE SKERRIES 1. ALAND AND THE LAST OF THE SAILING SHIPS 213 2. RETROSPECT 221 APPENDIX PRINCIPAL PLACE NAMES iN FINNISH AND SWEDISH 227 SALIENT FACTS AND STATISTICS 23 1 BIBLIOGRAPHY 2 34 INDEX ILLUSTRATIONS Following page 2,0 A SECTION OF THE ARCHIPELAGO THE SWEDISH INFLUENCE IN ARCHITECTURE SAVONLINNA CASTLE LAKE-STEAMER SCENE ON A RAPIDS BOAT THE OLD MONASTERY AT VALAMO IN A MONASTERY BELL TOWER MONASTERY LANDS RIVER-FRONT SCENE VISTA ON A FINNISH CANAL SCHOOLWARD BY BOATLIINAHAMARI ARCTIC HARBOUR LAPLANDERS SHACK PORTAGING AROUND RAPIDS BY HORSE POWER WOODS AND WATER ix Illustrations Following page 88 FINNISH FOREST FINNISH HAYFIELD TAMPERE TYPES OF FINLANDERS Following page 166 A RAMPART FROM THE MIDDLE AGES RIVER VIEW BOOKSTORE IN HELSINKI THE DIET BUILDING, EXTERIOR THE DIET BUILDING, INTERIOR OPEN-AIR THEATRE WORKINGMENS CO-OPERATIVE APARTMENTS WATERFRONT AT HELSINKI RAILWAY STATION AT HELSINKI PLAYING THE KANTELE JEAN SIBELIUS THE NEW ARCHITECTURE Part I Sunrise and the Mew Nation