Marshall - Citizen Soldier

MARSHALL Citizen Soldier By WILLIAM FRYE . . . still am I slave When banners flaunt and bugles blow, Content to fill a soldiers grave For reasons I shall never know. THE BOBBS-MERRILL COMPANY PUBLISHERS INDIANAPOLIS NEW YORK P IT st Edition GEORGE CATLETT MARSHALL, JR Signal Corps Photo General of the Army, Chief of Staff, 1939-1945, the Presidents Special Envoy to China, 1946, Secretary of State, 1947 For MARY ACKNOWLEDGMENT THE friendly interest and generous co-operation of the Secretary of War, Robert P. Patterson, alone have made possible even so limited a study as this of General Marshall, and it is with both grati tude and affection that I confess my great debt to the Judge. John J. McCloy, formerly Assistant Secretary of War, was gen erous enough not only to contribute valuable material, but to assume the burden of reading the manuscript. Robert A. Lovett, formerly Assistant Secretary of War for Air, has been most helpful, as has Howard C. Petersen, Assistant Secretary of War. The General of the Armies John J. Pershing has graciously per mitted use of a personal letter and a portion of his account of the Meuse-Argonne fighting in World War I. I am particularly indebted to Alex Mead and to Mr. and Mrs. Clyde B. Miller for guidance in assembling material for the chapter on the Marshall family in Uniontown to Major General Philip B. Peyton, U. S. A. Retired, to Leonard K. Nicholson, and to Colonel William B. Couper, Historiographer of the Virginia Military Insti tute, for material in the chapter on the V. M. I. and to Colonel Henry Hossfeld, U. S. A. Retired, and to Perry E. Thompson, G. W. Mathews, John T. Morton and J. W. Willey, formerly enlisted men of the 3oth Infantry, forinformation about General Marshalls first assignment in the Philippines. Colonel Joseph I. Greene, editor of the Infantry Journal, gave me invaluable assistance in locating sources of information, as well as permitting use of pertinent material from the Journal. To Brigadier General Charles T. Lanham, U. S. A., I am indebted not only for contributions to the text, but for permission to use a fragment of his poem, Soldier as inscription on the tide page. My thanks are due also to Katherine Tupper Marshall for her generous permission to use material from her book, Together. So many others have helped in the preparation of this volume that it would be impossible to list them here, even if most of them had not asked me to make no public reference to their contributions. I hope that each of them will accept this general acknowledgment as personal thanks. WILLIAM FRYE CONTENTS CHAPTER PAGE I DUELISTS AND SOLID CITIZENS 15 II A GENERAL Is BORN 25 III FROM RAT TO FIRST CAPTAIN 44 IV MANIFEST DFSTINY 65 V STAR IN His POCKET ... 84 VI TACTICS IN THE TROPICS . . 97 VII THF FIRST CONVOY TO FRANCE ... 114 VIII SWEATING ON THE STAFF 128 IX TRIUMPH AND FRUSTRATION 147 X LESSONS OF VICTORY 166 XI CHINA AND TRAGEDY . . . 186 XII DFBUNKING THE DOCTRINAIRES 202 XIII STAR ON His SHOULDER 219 XIV MARSHALL SPEAKS His MIND 236 XV FIGHTING FOR AN ARMY 256 XVI THE BLOW FALLS 279 XVII GRAND STRATEGY 299 XVIII GLOBAL ATTACK 317 XIX Too GOOD FOR COMMAND 334 XX CODE OF A CITIZEN SOLDIER 353 INDEX 377 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS George Catlett Marshall, Jr Frontispiece FACING PAGE George Catlett Marshall, Jr 30 V. M. L Cadet Officers 31 Second Lieutenant Marshall . . . 64 Elizabeth Carter Marshall ... . ... 65 FirstLieutenant Marshall 96 Temporary Colonel 97 Victory Parade . . 128 Aide-de-Camp ... . 129 Staff Conference . . .... 160 Official Society 161 Marshall and Stimson .... 192 Eisenhower and Marshall .... 193 Casablanca Conference . . . . . . . . 224 At Casablanca ... 225 Quadrant Conference ... 256 Thanksgiving Day in Cairo 257 Teheran Conference . 288 Beachhead in Normandy 289 Italian Front 320 French Tribute 321 Haircut at Potsdam 352 Katherine Tupper Marshall 353