Men And Their Motives - Psycho-analytical Studies

MEN AND THEIR MOTIVES Psycho-Analytical Studies BY J. C. FLUGEL ASSISTANT PROFESSOR OF PSTCHOLOOY, UNIVERSITY COLLEGE, LONDON, AUTHOR OF THE PSYCHO-ANALYTIC STUDY OF THE FAMILY, THE PSYCHOLOGY OF CLOTHES, ETC. With Tto9 Essays by INGEBORG FLUGEL LONDON KEGAN PAUL, TRENCH, TRUBNER fi CO. LTD. BROADWAY HOUSE 68-74 CARTER LANE, E. C. 1934 TO OUR DAUGHTER ERICA SIGRID OR8AT IWTAtW W TH PREFACE OF the eight essays which compose this book, six have been reprinted, with some additions and altera tions, from the British Journal of Medical Psychology the International Journal of Psycho-analysis and the Psychoanalytic Quarterly. We are greatly obliged to the editors of these periodicals for permission to include them in the present collection. Of the remaining two, one that on The Psychology of Birth Control is in part a modification of an article in the British Journal of Medical Psychology and is in part new, while the other that on Jealousy has not before been published. CONTENTS MGB PREFACE v THE PSYCHOLOGY OF BIRTH CONTROL i SEXUAL AND SOCIAL SENTIMENTS .... 44 SOME PROBLEMS OP JEALOUSY 102 MAURICE BEDELS JEROME A STUDY OF CONTRASTING TYPES 123 ESPERANTO AND THE INTERNATIONAL LANGUAGE MOVEMENT 159 ON THE SIGNIFICANCE OF NAMES. By INGEBORG FLUGEL 214 SOME PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF A FOX-HUNTING RITE. By INGEBORG FLUGEL 225 ON THE CHARACTER AND MARRIED LIFE OF HENRY VIII. 237 INDEX 281 Men and their Motives THE PSYCHOLOGY OF BIRTH CONTROL I. The Gmeral Attitude to Birth Control and Neo-Malthumnism II. Som Unconscious Motives in the Opponents of Birth Control III. Some Unconscious Motifs in the Supporters of Birth Control, I THE GENERAL ATTITUDE TO BIRTH CONTROL AND NEO-MALTHUSIANISM BIRTHcontrol has had a curious and fluctuating history. The necessity for some control of population had often been recognized implicitly and doubtless here and there explicitly since the earliest times, especially among peoples whose geographical or political situation prevented the occupation of fresh territory as their numbers increased. Such control was partly exercised by the method of infanticide, though social customs limiting in one way or another the amount of sexual intercourse have always played some part It may be that some methods of contraception were known to primitive peoples All we are sure of, however, is that in the eighteenth century certain of the mechanical methods still in use were beginning to find favour at any rate among a few of the upper classes in Europe On the theoretical side the greatest evfent was the publication of Malthuss Eaay m the Pnmpks of Population in 1798. Malthus herein stated the funds 2 PSYCHOLOGY OF BIRTH CONTROL mental law that, as in the case of other animals, so too in man, the reproductive powers are greatly in excess of the actual possibilities of increase as determined by the amount of food available a law that has ever since met with a most varied reception. Hailed by some as the most important proposition in sociology and economics, it has always encountered hedging or open opposition on the part of others so much so that, even to-day, more than 130 years after its formulation, it cannot be said to be generally accepted, much less satisfactorily refuted. This ambiguous attitude is all the more remarkable in that both Darwin and Wallace were led to their ideas of evolution through their reading of Malthus, whose biological doctrine formsindeed one of the essential elements of Darwins theory. Darwinism has in its main outlines, if not in its detailed formulations been accepted now for many years, but that part of the whole which constituted the first step in Darwins own argument still receives a dubious welcome a curious and illogical state of affairs which seems to indicate that there are perhaps some special psychological difficulties in the way of its acceptance...