Sane Psychology

SANE PSYCHOLOGY BOOK PRODUCTION WAR ECONOMY STANDARD THIS BOOK IS PRODUCED IN COMPLETE CONFORMITY WITH TUJC AUTHOBIZED ECONOMY STANDABD SANE PSYCHOLOGY A Biological Introduction to Psychology BY R. J. S. McDOWALL, M. D., D. Sc. PROFESSOR OF PHYSIOLOGY, KINCs COLLEGE, UNIVERSITY OF LONDON A REVISED AND ENLARGED EDITION OF A BIOLOGICAL INTRODUCTION TO PSYCHOLOGY LONDON JOHN MURRAY, ALBEMARLE STREET, W. CONTENTS CHAP. PAGE PREFACE ........ vii INTRODUCTION . . . ... . ix I. MAN IN RELATION TO ENVIRONMENT ... 1 Adaptation ....... 3 II. PROCESSES OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM ... 6 Conditioned Reflexes ...... 7 Role of Heredity in Reflex Processes . . .15 III. LIFES MOTIVES AND THE INSTINCTS . . .17 IV. THE SECURITY INSTINCT ...... 24 Fear 26 The Response to Fear 33 Courage and Bravery ...... 36 Anger and Rage ....... 37 V. THE SEX INSTINCT 41 Infantile Sexuality ...... 43 VI. THE POWER URGE 47 VII. THE HERD INSTINCT ...... 68 VIII. THE SPIRITUAL URGE 67 IX. RETROSPECT AND PROSPECT ..... 76 X. CONSCIOUS ACTIVITY ...... 78 Association or Mental Relativity .... 80 Remembering and Forgetting . . . .84 Attention, Concentration and Absent-mindedness . 92 XI. LEARNING 95 Source of Motive ...... 96 Role of Consciousness ...... 99 Language ........ 100 XII. MIND 103 The Place of Mind in Nature . . . .104 Reality and Phantasy . . . . . .107 Relation to Reality 109 Reasoning and Intelligence . . . . .113 Crowd Psychology . . . . . .118 XIII. SLEEP AND DREAMS 121 XIV. SUGGESTION AND HYPNOSIS ..... 129 v CONTENTS CHAP. XV. XVI. XVII. XVIII. XIX. XX. XXI. XXII. FRUSTRATION AND CONFLICT Types of Mental Reaction in Conflict . SUBMISSION Mental Mechanisms Used ..... Repression, Sublimation, etc. . ESCAPE Types ofEscape ....... Social Escapes ....... CONTINUANCE OF CONFLICT AND ANXIETY . Anxiety Neurosis ...... Summary of the Responses to Conflict PERSONALITY THE EFFECT OF MIND ON BODY . Circulation and Digestion ..... The Psychogalvanic Response . The Psychology of Sensation .... The Psychology of Pain ..... Psychology in Relation to Fatigue THE EFFECT OF BODY ON MIND . Senility, Trauma Disease . THE EVOLUTION OF THE INDIVIDUAL The Ten Ages of Man ..... The Appreciation of Comfort .... The Appreciation of Restraint .... The Appreciation of Physical Power The Appreciation of Mental Power Inferiority Guilt The Appreciation of Sex ..... Love and Marriage ...... The Appreciation for the Desirability of a Success ful or Valuable Life ..... The Attainment of a Sense of Values . The Stage of Fixation of Reaction PAGB 136 139 141 145 146 156 159 169 175 176 181 183 190 191 194 196 198 206 208 209 215 216 217 218 221 221 222 226 230 233 234 235 236 XXIII. THE VARIOUS SCHOOLS OF PSYCHOLOGY 238 . APPENDICES I. Tests of Ability and Educative Capacity . 250 II. Cases Illustrating Mental Dysfunction . . 255 BIBLIOGRAPHY 267 INDEX 272 PREFACE TO THE SECOND EDITION THIS book was originally put together for students and practitioners of Medicine especially to meet the recommenda tion of the General Medical Council that instruction in Normal Psychology should be included in pre-clinical teaching. The need for a new edition so soon has indicated that it filled this need. The large number of letters which I have received has, however, shown me that it may have a considerable value not only to Medicine but also to students of Theology and Education, for in the field of Psychology these three subjects have much incommon and their teachings and practical activities in the world overlap to a very marked degree. If all three could see their way to build up their training from a common biological basis much benefit and less misunderstanding would result. The volume is written as a sequel to a very elementary training in Biology and it is hoped that it will be evident that Psychology is much less remote from ordinary subjects than its amazing vocabulary suggests...