Useful Bodies: Humans In The Service Of Medical Science In The Twentieth Century

Though notoriously associated with Germany, human experimentation in the name of science has been practiced in other countries as well, both before and since the Nazi era. Useful Bodies explores the intersection of government power and medical knowledge in revealing studies of human experimentation -- germ warfare and jaundice tests in Great Britain; radiation, malaria, and hepatitis experiments in the United States; and nuclear fallout trials in Australia.

"Makes a strong case for adopting a broad perspective in the analysis of research ethics... Besides gaining a rich picture of past scientific practices, readers will be better equipped to monitor the continuing search of 'useful bodies' in our own era." -- Nature Medicine

"Each chapter is a startling case study that examines the nature and degree of the state's involvement in human experimentation... With contributions by leading historians of medicine, science, and public policy, Useful Bodies will be of interest to ethicists, bioethicists and those engaged in the formulation of public health and policy." -- Issues in Law and Medicine

"A significant contribution to our understanding of the role of the state in human subjects research." -- Journal of the History of Biology

"Well written and meticulously researched, these essays offer the historical context to understand and evaluate human experimentation." -- Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences

Jordan Goodman is an honorary research fellow at the Wellcome Trust Centre for the History of Medicine at University College London. Anthony McElligott is founding professor of history and director of the Centre for Historical Research at the University ofLimerick. Lara Marks is a visiting senior research associate at Cambridge University and an honorary senior lecturer at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine.

Though notoriously associated with Germany, human experimentation in the name of science has been practiced in other countries, as well, both before and after the Nazi era. The use of unwitting or unwilling subjects in experiments designed to test the effects of radiation and disease on the human body emerged at the turn of the twentieth century, when the rise of the modern, coercive state and the professionalization of medical science converged. Useful Bodies explores the intersection of government power and medical knowledge in revealing studies of human experimentation -- germ warfare and jaundice tests in Great Britain; radiation, malaria, and hepatitis experiments in the U.S.; and nuclear fallout trials in Australia. These examples of medical abuse illustrate the extent to which living human bodies have been "useful" to democratic states and emphasize the need for intense scrutiny and regulation to prevent future violations.

Contributors: Brian Balmer, University College London; Miriam Boleyn-Fitzgerald, University of Wisconsin; Rodney A. Hayward, University of Michigan; Joel D. Howell, University of Michigan; Margaret Humphreys, Duke University; David S. Jones, Massachusetts General Hospital; Robert L. Martensen, Tulane University School of Medicine; Glenn Mitchell, University of Wollongong; Jenny Stanton, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine; Gilbert Whittemore, independent scholar/attorney, Boston