World Weather Records Collected From Official Sources

Jn k COCK i Jt an o tne United y ivettion off and c the United j J ie ueofife o Jndia PREFACE This collection of data is published in response to the need expressed by the following resolution passed by the International Meteorological Conference in session at Utrecht in September 1923 RESOLUTION 13- 4 V. Considering Professor Exners proposal about the calculation of the correlations between weather-anomalies in regions far from each other, the Conference thinks that publication of long and homogeneous series of observations in the form of monthly means of pressure, temperature, and rainfall would be of the highest importance for the study of the general circulation of the atmosphere. This publication should comprise a small number of stations at a mutual distance of 500 to 1000 kilometers, preferably belonging to the Reseau Mondial, and if these should fail, other stations with a longer homogeneous series. It proposes that the various meteorological institutes should establish such series up to the year 1920 and invites the following gentlemen to see to the execution of this Resolution. Dr. Walker for the stations of Asia Prof. Exner for the stations of Europe Mr. Clayton for the stations of America Dr. Simpson for the stations of Africa, Australia and the oceans. Meteorology stands deeply indebted to Mr. John A. Roebling for providing the means to publish this long-desired collection of funda mental data, which cannot but be of great use in future theoretical and practical researches. EDITORIAL NOTE The data have been arranged for publication alphabetically, first under the grand divisions of the earth as Africa, Asia, Europe, etc., then by countries under each division and finally bystations in each country except in the case of Australia, Africa and the Indian Ocean, where it was found more practical to arrange the stations alphabeti cally under the larger divisions. The grand divisions and the countries are given under their English names, but the names of the stations have been taken as nearly as possi ble to accord with the spelling used in the countries where they are located, and the English equivalent is given in parentheses. The units used are those of the countries where the observations were made, and are given as they were received. Owing to the diversity of units used, and to the fact that explana tion of the methods and the hours of observation were best arranged by countries, it was not considered feasible to publish the data by 10 squares of latitude and longitude, as is done in the Reseau Mon dial. An index of the stations according to the Reseau Mondial system is provided at the end of the publication. The material published has been collected, in so far as possible, from official sources responsible for the observations. In addition a large part of the data has been checked against neighboring stations by the various collectors, in 6rder to eliminate errors which easily creep in when copying so, ferg a mass of material. Many such errors were found and corrected by correspondence. In addition, small breaks in the continuity of the records were disclosed, and some of these were corrected by correspondence with the bureaus and offices responsible for the records. The causes of others could not be found, and they were left without change. The records coming from so many different sources were arranged under many different headings. They have beenrearranged accord ing to a uniform system. For reasons of economy, the notes and explanations are placed together in the first part of the publication, and the tables of datas follow. The notes and the tables are arranged in the same alpha betical order, so that it will be easy to turn from one to. the other. For some of the stations the notes and explanations are very full, for EDITORIAL NOTE V others there is an absence of explanation. This difference could not be corrected without unduly delaying the publication of the data...