PRITAM PUBLICATIONS PVT LTD Biochemistry (Paperback, Bipin Bihari...

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Biochemistry

2026

UNIT-I 1. Biomolecules: Introduction, classification, chemical nature and biological role of carbohydrate, lipids, nucleic acids, amino acids and proteins. 2. Bioenergetics: Concept of free energy, endergonic and exergonic reaction, Relationship between free energy, enthalpy and entropy; Redox potential. 3. Energy rich compounds; classification UNIT-II 1. Carbohydrate metabolism: a. Glycolysis – Pathway, energetic and significance b. Citric acid cycle – Pathway, energetic and significance c. Glucose-6-phosphate its participation between Glycolysis and pentose phosphate pathway. d. Glycogen metabolism Pathways and glycogen storage diseases (GSD) e. Gluconeogenesis – Pathway and its significance f. Hormonal regulation of blood glucose level and Diabetes mellitus 2. Biological Oxidation: a. Electron transport chain (ETC) and its mechanism: b. Oxidative phosphorylation & its mechanism and substrate level phosphorylation, Inhibitors ETC and oxidative phosphorylation/Uncouplers. UNIT-III 1. Lipid metabolism: a. -Oxidation of saturated fatty acid (Palmitic acid) b. Formation and utilization of ketone bodies; ketoacidosis. c. De novo synthesis of fatty acids (Palmitic acid) d. Biological significance of cholesterol. e. Disorders of lipid metabolism: Hypercholesterolemia, atherosclerosis, fatty liver and obesity. 2. Amino acid metabolism: a. General reactions of amino acid metabolism: Transamination, deamination and decarboxylation, urea cycle and its disorders. b. Catabolism of phenylalanine and tyrosine and their metabolic disorders (Phenyketonuria, Albinism, alkeptonuria, tyrosinemia) c. Significance of biological subvstances; 5-HT, molatonin, dopamine, noradrenaline, adrenaline. d. Catabolism of heme; hyperbilirubinemia and jaundice. UNIT-IV Nucleic acid metabolism and genetic information transfer a. Biosynthesis of purine and pyrimidine nucleotides. b. Catabolism of purine nucleotides and Hyperuricemia and Gout disease c. Organization of mammalian genome (replication, transcription, translation) d. Genetic code and inhibitors of protein synthesis. UNIT-V Enzymes a. Introduction, properties, nomenclature and IUB classification of enzymes. b. Enzyme kinetics (Michaelis plot, Line Weaver Burke plot) c. Enzyme inhibitors with examples. d. Regulation of enzymes: enzyme induction and repression, allosteric enzymes regulation. e. Therapeutic and diagnostic application of enzymes and isoenzymes. f. Biochemical functions of coenzymes.

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