16 X 4 LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) screen is an electronic display module and find a wide range of applications. A 16x4 LCD display is very basic module and is very commonly used in various devices and circuits. These modules are preferred over seven segments and other multi segment LEDs. The reasons being: LCDs are economical; easily programmable; have no limitation of displaying special & even custom characters (unlike in seven segments), animations and so on. A 16x4 LCD means it can display 16 characters per line and there are 4 such lines.
Interface Definition:The 1604 uses a standard 16-pin interface
Pin 1: VSS is the ground power
2nd foot: VDD is connected to 5V positive power supply
Pin 3: V0 is the LCD contrast adjustment end. When the positive power is connected, the contrast is the weakest. When the grounding power is used, the contrast is the highest. When the contrast is too high, “ghosting” will occur. When using, you can adjust the contrast through a 10K potentiometer.
Pin 4: RS is the register selection. When the high level is selected, the data register is selected, and when the low level is selected, the instruction register is selected.
Pin 5: R/W is the read/write signal line. When it is high, it performs a read operation, and when it is low, it performs a write operation. When RS and RW are low together, the instruction or display address can be written. When RS is low, RW can read the busy signal, and when RS is high, RW can be written to the data.
Pin 6: The E terminal is the enable terminal. When the E terminal changes from a high level to a low level, the liquid crystal module executes the command.
Pins 7 to 14: D0 to D7 are 8-bit bidirectional data lines.
Pin 15: Backlight power supply positive
Pin 16: backlight power supply negative