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Human Anatomy, Physiology and Pathophysiology I

2026

Unit 1 – Introduction to Human Body: Cellular and Tissue Level of Organization 1. Introduction to Human Anatomy, Physiology, and Pathophysiology 2. Definition and Scope of Anatomy, Physiology, and Pathophysiology 3. Relationship between Anatomy, Physiology, and Pathophysiology 4. Levels of Structural Organization of Human Body 5. Body Systems – Overview and Functions 6. Basic Life Processes and Homeostasis 7. Anatomical Terminology and Body Planes 8. Structure and Functions of the Cell 9. Transport Mechanisms Across Cell Membrane 10. Cell Division – Mitosis and Meiosis 11. Cell Junctions and Cell Communication 12. Classification of Tissues:  • Epithelial Tissue  • Connective Tissue  • Muscular Tissue  • Nervous Tissue 13. Cellular Injury and Adaptation  • Causes of Cell Injury  • Morphology and Pathogenesis  • Adaptive Cellular Changes (Atrophy, Hypertrophy, Hyperplasia, etc.) Unit 2 – Integumentary and Skeletal Systems 1. Integumentary System  • Structure and Layers of Skin (Epidermis, Dermis, Hypodermis)  • Functions of Skin  • Accessory Structures: Hair, Nails, Glands 2. Common Skin Disorders  • Infectious (Bacterial, Viral, Fungal, Parasitic)  • Inflammatory and Allergic Conditions  • Pigmentary and Neoplastic Disorders 3. Leprosy (Hansen’s Disease) – Pathophysiology and Clinical Aspects 4. Wound Healing  • Phases and Mechanism  • Types and Factors Affecting Healing 5. Skeletal System  • Classification and Functions of Bones  • Divisions – Axial and Appendicular Skeleton  • Salient Features and Functions of Major Bones 6. Skeletal Muscles  • Organization of Skeletal Muscle  • Physiology of Muscle Contraction  • Neuromuscular Junction and its Mechanism  • Functions of Skeletal Muscle 7. Joints  • Structural Classification (Fibrous, Cartilaginous, Synovial)  • Functional Classification (Synarthrosis, Amphiarthrosis, Diarthrosis) 8. Diseases of Bones and Joints  • Rheumatoid Arthritis  • Osteoporosis  • Gout Unit 3 – Body Fluids and Blood 1. Composition and Distrib 2. Functions of Body Fluids 3. Blood  • Composition, Plasma, and Formed Elements  • Functions of Blood 4. Hemostasis – Mechanism and Regulation 5. Blood Groups – ABO and Rh Systems 6. Lymphatic System   7. Disorders of Blood and Lymphatic System  • Anemia, Polycythemia, Leukemia, Hemophilia, Thrombosis, Embolism  • Lymphedema, Filariasis, Lymphoma 8. Hemopoiesis – Sites and Stages 9. Hemoglobin – Structure and Formation 10. Mechanism of Blood Coagulation Unit 4 – Peripheral Nervous System 1. Overview of Nervous System: CNS and PNS 2. Organization and Functions of the Peripheral Nervous System 3. Somatic and Autonomic Nervous Systems 4. Sympathetic and Parasympathetic Divisions – Comparison 5. Spinal Nerves – Structure, Origin, and Plexuses 6. Cranial Nerves – Classification and Functions 7. Reflex Arc and Reflex Action 8. Disorders of Peripheral Nervous System Unit 5 – Cardiovascular System 1. Anatomy of the Heart  

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