Table of Contents
UNIT I
a) Introduction to human body: Cellular and tissue level of organization.
• Definition and scope of anatomy
• physiology and pathophysiology.
• Levels of structural organization and body systems,
• basic life processes,
• homeostasis,
• basic anatomical terminologies.
• Structure and functions of cell,
• transport across cell membrane,
• cell division, cell junctions.
• General principles of cell communication, forms of intracellular signaling: a) Contact-dependent b) Paracrine c) Synaptic d) Endocrine 18
• Classification of tissues, structure, location and functions of epithelial, muscular and nervous and connective tissues
b) Basic principles of cell injury and adaptation:
• Components and types of feedback systems,
• causes of cellular injury,
• pathogenesis (cell membrane damage, mitochondrial damage, ribosome damage and nuclear damage),
• morphology of cell injury – adaptive changes (atrophy, hypertrophy, hyperplasia, metaplasia, dysplasia),
cell swelling, intra cellular accumulation and cell death.
UNIT II
a) Integumentary system and wound healing
• Structure and functions of skin.
• Skin disorders and pathophysiology of Leprosy.
Basic principles of wound healing.
b) Skeletal system and joints
• Divisions of skeletal system,
• types of bones,
• salient features and functions of bones of axial and appendicular skeletal system.
• Organization of skeletal muscle,
• physiology of muscle contraction,
• neuromuscular junction.
Structural and functional classification of joints.
c) Diseases of bones and joints
Pathophysiology of rheumatoid arthritis, osteoporosis and gout
UNIT III
a) Body fluids, blood and lymphatic system
• Body fluids,
• composition and functions of blood,
• hemopoiesis,
• formation of haemoglobin,
• mechanisms of coagulation,
• blood grouping,
• Rh factors and transfusion.
• Lymphatic organs and tissues,
• lymphatic vessels,
lymph circulation and functions of lymphatic system.
b) Basic mechanism of inflammation and repair
• Introduction, classification and symptoms of inflammation,
• mechanisms of inflammation,
mediators of inflammation and pathophysiology of inflammation.
Haematological diseases
• Pathophysiology of iron deficiency,
• megaloblastic anaemia (Vit B12 and folic acid),
• sickle cell anaemia,
• Thalassemia,
• hereditary acquired anaemia and haemophilia.
• Nutritional defficiency,
• defective fabrication,
• hemolysis and blood loss,
heredity
UNIT IV
a) Peripheral nervous system:
• Classification of peripheral nervous system: structure and functions of sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system.
Origin and functions of spinal and cranial nerves
b) Special senses
• Structure and functions of eye, ear, nose and tongue.
• Pathophysiology of special sense disorders Glaucoma,
• cataract,
• myopia,
• otitis externa,
• otitis media ,
• vertigo and anosmia
UNIT V
a) Cardiovascular system
• Anatomy of heart,
• blood circulation,
• blood vessels,
• structure and functions of artery, vein and capillaries,
• elements of conduction system
