A mobile phone battery is a rechargeable energy source—almost always using Lithium-Ion (Li-ion) or Lithium-Polymer (Li-Po) technology—that converts stored chemical energy into electrical power to run your smartphone. Its capacity is measured in milliampere-hours (mAh), where a higher number typically signifies a longer runtime between charges. As you use your phone, lithium ions move internally from the negative electrode (anode) to the positive electrode (cathode) to generate a current; plugging the phone into a charger reverses this flow to restore power. To ensure safety and longevity, modern mobile batteries include a built-in Battery Management System (BMS) that actively prevents hazardous conditions like overcharging, overheating, and short-circuiting.