pH electrodes are analytical sensors for measuring potential of hydrogen (pH), the negative logarithm of the hydrogen ion activity in solution. The pH value of a substance is directly related to the ratio of the hydrogen ion [H+] and the hydroxyl ion [OH-] concentrations. This is one of the most common laboratory measurements because so many chemical processes are dependent on pH. Single cells or electrode pairs require a separate reference electrode. This type of device is the best choice for colloidal suspensions, iodides in sample, and high-percentage solids in fluid.