Prepare Substrate: Use straw, sawdust, compost, or dung depending on mushroom type. Sterilize Substrate: Boil or steam to kill germs. Cool & Pack: Place substrate in bags, trays, or containers. Inoculate: Mix mushroom spawn (seeds/mycelium) into the substrate. Incubation: Keep in dark, warm place (22–28°C) until white mycelium spreads. Fruiting Stage: Transfer to a cool, humid, well-ventilated area with indirect light. Harvest: Mushrooms are ready when caps open fully.