In the present edition of this text, the fifth since the book first appeared, general plan of the book has been made, but the subject matter has been carefully revised in order to bring it up to date. The last chapter, discussion and summary, has been considerably expanded and a new section dealing with the peristome structure in the Bryidae has been incorporated. This book is designed as an introduction to the study of the Bryophyta and deals with the representative types of the bryophytes from the standpoint of their structure, reproduction and development. The book is in large part a compilation based upon literature and a large number of selected references are appended to each chapter to support descriptions and interpretations. The author has gathered his information from classical treatises, research papers, monographs, review articles, and standard texts. The bibliography is intended to serve as a guide to useful reference work and to direct interested students towards a wider reading. It contains only those references which are believe to the most useful in a book of this type. The book has been planned primarily for the honours and undergraduate students of Indian Universities, but at the same time an effort has been made to attract the attention of postgraduate students by giving details of certain phases of the life-cycle.