The Harappan dancing girl sculpture shows, how old is the tradition ofN??ya viz. dance, drama and music is in India. S?maveda is dedicated primarily to music, this again shows the importance of performing arts in ancient India.With such a rich legacy of dance, drama and music, India has given various great scriptures of this tradition to the world. The N??ya ??stra is such a scripture only. This scripture had been accepted as fifth Veda, as the same is gist of Vedas. According to scripture itself, “The recitative (p??hya) he took from the ?gveda, the song from the S?maveda, the Histrionic Representation (abhinaya) from the Yajurveda and Sentiments (rasa) from the Atharvaveda and thus was created the N??yaveda.” (Ch-1). With thirty-six chapters and over six thousand verses, this is an encyclopaedia of N??ya Vidy? (Vidy? of dance, drama and music).