2DOF PID in Both Conventional and Deregulated Power System  (English, Paperback, P. D. Dewangan)

This book introduces the load frequency control (LFC) of deregulated two area thermal power systems with two units and conventional two area thermal systems with single units. In any area, the mismatch between the total power generated and the total demanded load causes the deviation in tie-line power flow and deviation in frequency. The tie-line power and frequency deviations form area control error (ACE). For efficient operation of the power system elimination of ACE is required. In order to maintain frequency deviation and tie-line power within permissible limits controllers are required. Differential evolution optimization (DE) and Ant Lion Optimization (ALO) techniques are used to obtain the controller gains. The 2DOF-PID controller is utilized as a secondary controller and its execution is compared with PID controller. Comparative results of 2DOF controller over PID controller is better performance in terms of under-shoot, overshoot, and settling time.